Reduced stem cell aging in exercised human skeletal muscle is enhanced by ginsenoside Rg1

Background: Stem cell aging, characterized by elevated p16INK4a expression, decreases repopulating and self-renewal abilities, which results in inflammation slow recovery against stress. Methods: Biopsied muscles were analyzed at baseline 24 h after squat exercise 12 trained men (22 ± 2 y). Placebo (PLA) immunostimulant Rg1 (5 mg) supplemented 1 before a exercise, using double-blind counterbalanced crossover design. Results: Perceived exertion the end of resistance session was significantly lowered supplementation. Exercise doubled endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) (p < 0.001) decreased mRNA to 50% (d = 0.865, p 0.05) muscle tissues, despite p16INK4a+ beta-galactosidase+ (�-Gal+) counts being unaltered. further 35% with greater effect size than PLA level 1.302, 0.01) myeloperoxidase (MPO) 39% 0.05). A strong correlation between MPO expression tissues observed (r 0.84, 0.001). Conclusion: EPC skeletal d an acute bout exercise. The exercised effects lowering aging tissue enhanced Rg1, suggesting involvement immune stimulation on rejuvenation.